Firms, funds, partners, companies and rounds from sworn filings, firm sites and announcements, kept as a graph with a date and a source on every edge. Facts, inferences and estimates are labelled as such. A fund target is never a close, GAV is never dry powder, and a round size is never an investor’s check.

Firms / Meritage Holdings, LLC

Meritage Holdings, LLC

Multi-stage venture firmArvada, COmeritagefunds.comSEC venture capital fund adviser

We partner with select leaders to establish world-class execution—bringing operational discipline, capital fluency, and thoughtful modernization to build remarkable businesses.

both early and growth/opportunity families, reported GAV $63M

Importance
36
elevated
Active deployment
55
elevated
Emerging
0
low
Completeness
75
high
Freshness
100
high
Research priority
18
moderate
Identity and regulatory footprint
Headquarters
Arvada, COadviserinfo.sec.gov
Office address
6870 W 52ND AVENUE, SUITE 210, Arvada, CO, 80002adviserinfo.sec.gov
Business phone
303-352-2040adviserinfo.sec.gov
SEC adviser type
exempt reporting adviseradviserinfo.sec.gov
SEC exemption claimed
venture capital fund adviseradviserinfo.sec.govItem 2.B(1): advises solely venture capital funds
Latest Form ADV
Mar 8, 2024
Private funds reported
13 (13 venture capital funds)adviserinfo.sec.gov
Private fund gross assets
$63.1Madviserinfo.sec.govreported GAV of the funds, the adviser's own number; not fund size, not dry powder
Owners on Schedule A
Millennial Holdings, LLC (Sole Member), E
business email
info@meritage.vcmeritage.vcpublished by the subject
business phone
303-352-2040adviserinfo.sec.govpublished by the subject
Stated thesis versus observed behaviour
30 observed deals
Stated (the firm’s website)
Sectors
ai, enterprise software, b2b
Stages
growth
Geography
colorado, denver
Check size
not stated; DFX does not estimate checks from round sizes
Self-described
venture capital
Observed (from deals on record)
Stage at participation: no observed deals yet
Stage at first entry: no observed deals yet
Sectors
unknown 97%Other Technology 3%
lead rate n/afollow-on rate n/anew logos, 12 months 30
Funds and vehicles
13 reported, 10 no longer reported
VehicleTypeVintageLifecycleReported GAVOwnersForm D soldLatest Form D
Meritage Smartsky Spv3, LLCSPV or co-invest vehicle2023 adv first reportedActive deployment$9.1M
Mar 8, 2024
74unknownunknown
Meritage Smartsky Spv, LLCSPV or co-invest vehicle2022 adv first reportedActive deployment$21.1M
Mar 8, 2024
73unknownunknown
Meritage Smartsky Spv2, LLCSPV or co-invest vehicle2022 adv first reportedActive deployment$5.9M
Mar 8, 2024
82unknownunknown
Meritage Investors 2021, LLCFund2021 name yearMature$100
Mar 8, 2024
92unknownunknown
Meritage Investors 2021-2, LLCFund2021 name yearMature$100
Mar 8, 2024
8unknownunknown
Meritage Investors 2020, LLCFund2020 name yearMature$100
Mar 8, 2024
77unknownunknown
Meritage Investors 2018, LLCFund2018 name yearHarvest$100
Mar 8, 2024
51$7.0M
of $9.0M
Sep 21, 2018
Meritage Investors 4, LLCFund2017 form d first saleHarvest$974,017
Mar 8, 2024
12$1.5M
of $1.5M
Jun 29, 2017
Meritage Investors 2017, LLCFund2017 name yearHarvest$100
Mar 8, 2024
60$0
of $17.0M
Jan 27, 2017
Meritage Opportunity Fund, LLCOpportunity fund2016 adv first reportedHarvest$8.1M
Mar 8, 2024
37unknownunknown
Meritage Investors, LLCFund2015 form d first saleHarvest$100
Mar 8, 2024
69$36.6MJul 14, 2016
Meritage Fund III, L.P.Fund2008 form d first saleHarvest$17.5M
Mar 8, 2024
14$81.3M
of $150M
Dec 4, 2009
Meritage Entrepreneurs Fund III, L.P.FundunknownUnknown$419,593
Mar 8, 2024
37unknownunknown
Meritage Faction Spv, LLCSPV or co-invest vehicle2020 adv first reportedWound down$19.3M
Mar 21, 2023
18unknownunknown
Meritage Investors 3, LLCFund2017 adv first reportedWound down$5.4M
Mar 10, 2020
19unknownunknown
Meritage Investors 2, LLCFund2017 adv first reportedWound down$3.8M
Mar 10, 2020
12unknownunknown
Meritage Private Equity Fund II, L.P.FundunknownWound down$12.9M
Mar 10, 2020
19unknownunknown
Meritage Private Equity Fund Ii-Pa, L.P.FundunknownWound down$1.9M
Mar 10, 2020
8unknownunknown
Meritage Private Equity Fund, L.P.FundunknownWound down$1.4M
Mar 23, 2012
45unknownunknown
Meritage Private Equity Fund Ii-Pb, L.P.FundunknownWound down$1.4M
Mar 10, 2020
7unknownunknown
Meritage Entrepreneurs Fund II, L.P.FundunknownWound down$446,202
Mar 10, 2020
43unknownunknown
Meritage Private Equity Parallel Fund, L.P.Feeder or parallelunknownWound down$180,267
Mar 23, 2012
74unknownunknown
Meritage Entrepreneurs Fund, L.P.FundunknownWound down$59,720
Mar 23, 2012
69unknownunknown
GAV is the gross asset value the adviser reported on Form ADV for the vehicle, never the fund’s committed size and never dry powder. Form D sold is the amount sold as of the latest filing, never a final close.
Investment team
2 current, 2 departed
2 departed (kept with end dates)
  • David Lyle Solomon · Chief Operating Officer · Jan 1, 2011 to Mar 8, 2024 Inference
  • John Raymond Garrett · Chief Legal Officer, Chief Compliance Officer · Jun 1, 1999 to Mar 14, 2016 Inference
Investments on record
30 edges, 30 companies, 0 partner-attributed
CompanyRoundRolePartnerRound sizeThis investorDateSource
Arclandportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Bonfireportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Campminder, LLCportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Cubby Bedsportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Entity Academyportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Envision Imagingportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
First Western Trustportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Highlands Vista Groupportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Koelbelportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Little Man Ice Creamportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Longpathportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Luggage Forwardportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
LumenServeportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Mavportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Ninetyportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Oakwood Homesportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Origin CPA Groupportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Panoptycportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Rallyday Partnersportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Scaleipportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Stormbreakerportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Sundayportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Syntrinsicportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Techstarsportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
The Dyrtportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
The Expert Pressportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
The Invention Networkportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
The Unreasonable Groupportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
XTI Aerospace, Inc.portfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Zesty Pawsportfolio listingunknownunknownunknownunknownSep 16, 2026Fact Venture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
“This investor” is the amount disclosed for this investor alone; it is unknown unless a source said it. The round size is the whole round.
Co-investors
14 relationships from shared deals, counted for the whole firm
Limited partners
0 disclosed
No LP commitment on record. An LP edge needs a public disclosure with a quote: a pension report (see Limited partners for the plans read), a fund announcement naming the LP, or a Form ADV owner. The fund page carries the LP’s reported performance.
Timeline
46 dated events
  1. Mar 8, 2024
    Meritage Faction Spv, LLC no longer reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC
  2. Mar 8, 2024
    David Lyle Solomon (Chief Operating Officer) no longer on Schedule A of Meritage Holdings, LLC
  3. Mar 8, 2024
    TFI 828 Co-Investment Spv, LLC no longer reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC
  4. Mar 8, 2024
    TFI Lumenserve Co-Investment Spv, LLC no longer reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC
  5. Mar 8, 2024
    TFI Entity Co-Investment Spv, LLC no longer reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC
  6. Mar 8, 2024
    TF Investors, LLC no longer reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC
  7. Mar 8, 2024
    TFI Bonfire Co-Investment Spv, LLC no longer reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC
  8. Mar 21, 2023
    Meritage Smartsky Spv3, LLC first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $9,058,100
  9. Mar 21, 2023
    TFI Entity Co-Investment Spv, LLC first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $1,074,995
  10. Mar 28, 2022
    Meritage Smartsky Spv2, LLC first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $5,934,600
  11. Mar 28, 2022
    Meritage Smartsky Spv, LLC first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $21,132,400
  12. Mar 28, 2022
    TFI Lumenserve Co-Investment Spv, LLC first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $507,250
  13. Mar 28, 2022
    Meritage Investors 2021, LLC first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $10,907,885
  14. Mar 28, 2022
    Meritage Investors 2021-2, LLC first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $2,498,900
  15. Mar 23, 2021
    Meritage Private Equity Fund II, L.P. no longer reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC
  16. Mar 23, 2021
    Meritage Private Equity Fund Ii-Pa, L.P. no longer reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC
  17. Mar 23, 2021
    Meritage Private Equity Fund Ii-Pb, L.P. no longer reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC
  18. Mar 23, 2021
    Meritage Investors 2, LLC no longer reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC
  19. Mar 23, 2021
    Meritage Entrepreneurs Fund II, L.P. no longer reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC
  20. Mar 23, 2021
    Meritage Investors 3, LLC no longer reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC
  21. Mar 23, 2021
    Meritage Investors 2020, LLC first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $9,383,938
  22. Mar 10, 2020
    TFI Bonfire Co-Investment Spv, LLC first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $923,480
  23. Mar 10, 2020
    TFI 828 Co-Investment Spv, LLC first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $1,505,964
  24. Mar 10, 2020
    Meritage Faction Spv, LLC first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $4,143,561
  25. Mar 14, 2019
    Meritage Investors 2018, LLC first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $8,637,661
  26. Mar 14, 2019
    TF Investors, LLC first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $11,160,000
  27. Mar 8, 2018
    Meritage Investors 2017, LLC first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $17,775,000
  28. Mar 8, 2018
    Meritage Investors 4, LLC first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $1,676,943
  29. Mar 13, 2017
    Meritage Investors 3, LLC first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $8,622,755
  30. Mar 13, 2017
    Meritage Investors 2, LLC first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $2,500,000
  31. Mar 14, 2016
    Meritage Opportunity Fund, LLC first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $3,166,586
  32. Mar 14, 2016
    John Raymond Garrett (Chief Legal Officer, Chief Compliance Officer) no longer on Schedule A of Meritage Holdings, LLC
  33. Mar 14, 2016
    Meritage Investors, LLC first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $19,450,000
  34. Mar 8, 2013
    Meritage Private Equity Fund, L.P. no longer reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC
  35. Mar 8, 2013
    Meritage Entrepreneurs Fund, L.P. no longer reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC
  36. Mar 8, 2013
    Meritage Private Equity Parallel Fund, L.P. no longer reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC
  37. Mar 23, 2012
    Meritage Holdings, LLC first filed Form ADV (ERA, venture capital fund adviser exemption)
  38. Mar 23, 2012
    Meritage Entrepreneurs Fund III, L.P. first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $919,324
  39. Mar 23, 2012
    Meritage Entrepreneurs Fund II, L.P. first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $1,188,130
  40. Mar 23, 2012
    Meritage Private Equity Fund Ii-Pb, L.P. first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $5,315,549
  41. Mar 23, 2012
    Meritage Fund III, L.P. first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $17,889,419
  42. Mar 23, 2012
    Meritage Private Equity Fund Ii-Pa, L.P. first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $7,104,632
  43. Mar 23, 2012
    Meritage Private Equity Fund II, L.P. first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $46,207,546
  44. Mar 23, 2012
    Meritage Entrepreneurs Fund, L.P. first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $59,720
  45. Mar 23, 2012
    Meritage Private Equity Parallel Fund, L.P. first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $180,267
  46. Mar 23, 2012
    Meritage Private Equity Fund, L.P. first reported on Form ADV by Meritage Holdings, LLC (Venture Capital Fund), GAV $1,427,795
Classification history
  1. Sep 12, 2026
    Multi-stage venture firm (confirmed, 95%, cls-1)
    both early and growth/opportunity families, reported GAV $63M
Evidence
47 observations from 2 sources
Every observation behind this profile, with its source, date and class
FactValueEffectiveClassSource
SEC exemption claimedventure_capital_fund_adviserMar 8, 2024FactSEC Form ADV filing data 2011 to 2024 (every filing, Schedule D 7.B.(1) private funds, Schedules A/B)
SEC adviser typeexempt_reporting_adviserMar 8, 2024FactSEC Form ADV filing data 2011 to 2024 (every filing, Schedule D 7.B.(1) private funds, Schedules A/B)
First Form ADV filing2012-03-23Mar 8, 2024FactSEC Form ADV filing data 2011 to 2024 (every filing, Schedule D 7.B.(1) private funds, Schedules A/B)
Adv history loadedadv-hist-1Sep 12, 2026FactSEC Form ADV filing data 2011 to 2024 (every filing, Schedule D 7.B.(1) private funds, Schedules A/B)
Latest Form ADV filing2024-03-08Mar 8, 2024FactSEC Form ADV filing data 2011 to 2024 (every filing, Schedule D 7.B.(1) private funds, Schedules A/B)
Venture share of reported funds1Mar 8, 2024FactSEC Form ADV filing data 2011 to 2024 (every filing, Schedule D 7.B.(1) private funds, Schedules A/B)
Business phone303-352-2040Mar 8, 2024FactSEC Form ADV filing data 2011 to 2024 (every filing, Schedule D 7.B.(1) private funds, Schedules A/B)
Contact page urlhttps://www.meritage.vc/contact
contact page linked from the home page
Sep 16, 2026FactVenture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
DescriptionWe partner with select leaders to establish world-class execution—bringing operational discipline, capital fluency, and thoughtful modernization to build remarkable businesses.
meta description
Sep 16, 2026FactVenture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
DescriptionWe partner with select leaders to establish world-class execution—bringing operational discipline, capital fluency, and thoughtful modernization to build remarkable businesses.
meta description
Sep 15, 2026FactVenture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
HeadquartersArvada, COMar 8, 2024FactSEC Form ADV filing data 2011 to 2024 (every filing, Schedule D 7.B.(1) private funds, Schedules A/B)
Office address6870 W 52ND AVENUE, SUITE 210, Arvada, CO, 80002Mar 8, 2024FactSEC Form ADV filing data 2011 to 2024 (every filing, Schedule D 7.B.(1) private funds, Schedules A/B)
Self-described typeventure_capital
Our founders pioneered venture capital in the Rocky Mountain region, with over 40 years of investment experience.
Sep 16, 2026FactVenture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Self-described typeventure_capital
Our founders pioneered venture capital in the Rocky Mountain region, with over 40 years of investment experience.
Sep 15, 2026FactVenture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Legal formLimited Liability CompanyMar 8, 2024FactSEC Form ADV filing data 2011 to 2024 (every filing, Schedule D 7.B.(1) private funds, Schedules A/B)
Portfolio pagehttps://www.meritage.vc/portfolio
30 entries read
Sep 16, 2026FactVenture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Portfolio pagehttps://www.meritage.vc/portfolio
30 entries read
Sep 15, 2026FactVenture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Private funds reported13Mar 8, 2024FactSEC Form ADV filing data 2011 to 2024 (every filing, Schedule D 7.B.(1) private funds, Schedules A/B)
Private fund gross assets (reported)$63.1MMar 8, 2024FactSEC Form ADV filing data 2011 to 2024 (every filing, Schedule D 7.B.(1) private funds, Schedules A/B)
Stated geographycolorado,denver
geography words on the home page
Sep 16, 2026FactVenture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Stated geographycolorado,denver
geography words on the home page
Sep 15, 2026FactVenture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Stated sectorsai,enterprise_software,b2b
sector words on the home page
Sep 16, 2026FactVenture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Stated sectorsai,enterprise_software,b2b
sector words on the home page
Sep 15, 2026FactVenture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Stated stagesgrowth
stage words on the home page
Sep 16, 2026FactVenture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Stated stagesgrowth
stage words on the home page
Sep 15, 2026FactVenture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Team pagehttps://www.meritage.vc/team
0 name/title pairs read
Sep 16, 2026FactVenture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Team pagehttps://www.meritage.vc/team
0 name/title pairs read
Sep 15, 2026FactVenture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Venture funds reported13Mar 8, 2024FactSEC Form ADV filing data 2011 to 2024 (every filing, Schedule D 7.B.(1) private funds, Schedules A/B)
WebsiteHTTP://WWW.MERITAGEFUNDS.COMMar 8, 2024FactSEC Form ADV filing data 2011 to 2024 (every filing, Schedule D 7.B.(1) private funds, Schedules A/B)
Website resolved domainmeritage.vc
https://meritagefunds.com/ redirected to https://www.meritage.vc/
Sep 16, 2026FactVenture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Website resolved domainmeritage.vc
https://meritagefunds.com/ redirected to https://www.meritage.vc/
Sep 15, 2026FactVenture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Website resolved domainmeritage.vc
https://meritagefunds.com/ redirected to https://meritage.vc/
Sep 14, 2026FactVenture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Site titleMeritage - EOS Implementers focused on PE+VC backed companies
title tag
Sep 16, 2026FactVenture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)
Site titleMeritage - EOS Implementers focused on PE+VC backed companies
title tag
Sep 15, 2026FactVenture organization websites (about, team, portfolio, thesis, news pages)